Rising Heat, Rising Ascariasis

Abstract

Rising Heat, Rising Ascariasis

Background

Ascariasis, caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, remains one of the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminth infections worldwide, disproportionately affecting children in tropical regions (Holland et al., 2022). Climate change, particularly rising temperatures and increased flooding, is suspected to exacerbate transmission (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023). This study aims to highlight the relationship between environmental changes and the increasing burden of ascariasis, as well as to emphasise preventive strategies.

Methods

This study utilised a narrative review approach by analysing relevant literature on ascariasis transmission, climate factors, and public health interventions. Data were synthesised to identify key drivers contributing to increased infection rates and effective prevention measures.

Results

Findings indicate that higher temperatures accelerate the development and survival of A. lumbricoides eggs in soil, while flooding increases environmental contamination and exposure risk (WHO, 2023). Poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene practices further amplify transmission (WHO, 2023). Clinically, ascariasis presents with respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, and in children, contributes to malnutrition, impaired growth, and reduced cognitive performance (Leung et al., 2020).

Conclusion

Climate change plays a significant role in increasing the risk and spread of ascariasis, particularly in vulnerable populations (WHO, 2023). Preventive strategies focusing on hygiene and sanitation, such as the “C.L.E.A.N.” approach (Clean hands, Latrine use, Eat safe food, Avoid contaminated soil, Nurture hygiene habits), are essential to break the transmission cycle (WHO, 2023). Strengthening public awareness and promoting sustainable behavioural changes are crucial in mitigating the rising burden of ascariasis.

Keywords: ascariasis; climate change; hygiene; prevention; soil-transmitted helminths